ABSTRACTS
The following is a list of the abstracts for papers which will be presented in the 10 TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POLYMER SURFACE MODIFICATION: RELEVANCE TO ADHESION. The listing is alphabetical by presenting author. This list is updated continually to add abstracts as they become available and make appropriate corrections. This list may be conveniently searched by using the editor provided with most popular browsers (e.g. Microsoft Explorer, FIREFOX, Netscape, ... etc.)
(CLICK ON AUTHOR NAME TO GO TO FULL ABSTRACT) |
INDEX BY TITLE |
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Strategies for Achieving Durable Attachment of Biomaterials to Tissue |
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Latest Design Improvements in Flame Plasma Surface Treating Systems- A Simpler & More Precise Control of Flame Chemistry |
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Material Dependency of Surface Activation and Degradation by Plasma Treatment |
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Reliability of Ag-based Nanopastes Sintered by Various Energy Source |
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VUV Photo-oxidation Treatment and Surface Modification of Highly Sustainable Polyesters |
Green Surface Modification for Ultra-hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics |
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Surface Modification of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Treated with Ozone |
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Coherent X-ray Scattering as a New Tool to Explore Dynamic Surfaces |
Overview of Wide Range of Polymer Surface Modification Techniques |
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(3-Ureidopropyl)trimethoxysilane in PECVD Processes for Glass Surfaces |
New Force Tensiometer Development for Adhesion Force |
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Surface Modification of Polyethersulfone (PES) with Ozone and UV Photo-oxidation |
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Conducting Polymer Surface modification with Graphene By An Electrochemical Technique For Sensor Applications |
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Laser Surface Engineering of Polymeric Materials for the Modification of Wettability Characteristics and Wetting Transitions |
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Arthur J Coury; Director of Engineered Biomaterials Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
Strategies for Achieving Durable Attachment of Biomaterials to Tissue
(Abstract not yet available)
Joe DiGiacomo; FLYNN BURNER CORPORATION, 225 Mooresville Blvd, Mooresville, NC 28115
Latest Design Improvements in Flame Plasma Surface Treating Systems- A Simpler & More Precise Control of Flame Chemistry
Adhesion promotion technologies have wide application in the numerous industries for a wide range of plastic parts, such as those made of PE, PP, PET, etc.
One method used to modify the surface of these and other polymer products to promote adhesion of coatings and adhesives is flame plasma.
This paper describes the theory behind natural gas, propane or LPG fired flame plasma surface treatment to promote adhesion of water based inks, coatings, adhesives, labels and other substrate laminates to polyolefin based substrates.
Critical parameters in flame treatment are, flame chemistry, flame geometry, plasma output and distance of the burner to the part. The interrelationship between these variables, and how to control them for optimum surface treatment, will be discussed.
The use of Schliren imaging technology, high speed photographs of the flame geometry, used to develop new burner designs, as well as advances in equipment technology will be presented.
A completely new patented process design has been developed and successfully implemented providing significantly improved control of the flame chemistry, while at the same time simplifying the process control and mechanical hardware required.
In addition, the new design improves the overall efficiency of the flame treating process
Troubleshooting & maintenance of flame plasma surface treating systems will be discussed.
Rafael J. Zaldivar and Hyun I. Kim; The Aerospace Corporation, 2310 E. El Segundo Blvd., El Segundo, CA (USA)
Material Dependency of Surface Activation and Degradation by Plasma Treatment
Plasma surface treatment is a versatile technique for surface modification of various engineering materials to enhance interfacial adhesion. Numerous industries, including aerospace, medical, automotive, electronic, etc., are increasingly incorporating plasma techniques in their manufacturing processes. However, clear understanding of the science of surface chemical modification is needed because it is highly dependent on the material being treated. All materials exhibit surface erosion (etching), functionalization (activation), and degradation with plasma treatment, but their relative ratios and optimum treatment conditions are highly material-dependent. In the first part of our study, we discuss the effectiveness of atmospheric plasma treatment on two types of composite systems with different matrix polymers for bond strength improvement. We will show that one system exhibits greater degree of surface chemical activation correlated with greater bond strength while the second system shows greater degree of degradation correlated with limited strength increase. In the second part of our study, we will discuss plasma treatment of graphite nano-particles (GnP) and how effectively they reinforce nanocomposites in two different types of matrix polymers. We have used XPS, AFM, SEM, and Raman to characterize and quantify the degree of surface activation (functionalization) and relative degradation of the plasma treated surfaces of different materials.
Choong-Jae Lee; Sungkyunkwan University, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Kyung-Gi, 16419, Republic of Korea
Reliability of Ag-based Nanopastes Sintered by Various Energy Source
Ag nanoparticles have been widely used as filler materials for conductive nanopaste due to their high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity. There has been much research regarding direct printing on flexible substrates because it is environmentally friendly and is a low-cost process compared to conventional vacuum deposition and photolithography. However, the nanoparticle based circuit generally shows the poor mechanical properties. To overcome these concerns, design of filler materials and low-temperature sintering process are considered in this work.
The hybrid and composite paste were fabricated to investigate the reliability of printed Ag circuit. And low temperature sintering process used IPL and APP were used in this experiment. Flexibility of the circuits sintered by various energy was very stable compared to that of only silver particle paste and only flake paste during the sliding test. And electrical resistivity and structural property also investigated with various condition.
Massoud J. Miri, Stephanie M. Boula, Timothy A. Kovach, Surendra K Gupta, Michael Mehan, and Gerald A. Takacs; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623
VUV Photo-oxidation Treatment and Surface Modification of Highly Sustainable Polyesters
Sustainable polymers have become increasingly relevant due to the issues with fossil fuels as conventional starting materials for plastic production, and the land and water pollution by plastic waste. Four highly renewable and moderately biodegradable polyesters, (1) polybutylene succinate (PBS), (2) polybutylene suberate (PBSb), (3) polybutylene dodecanedioate (PBD), and (4) polyoctylene malate (POMa), were synthesized by polycondensation. A hot press was applied to obtained films of the produced polymers. Films then were treated by exposure to Vacuum UV (VUV) photo-oxidation. Untreated films were compared to the treated films using surface characterization by contact angle measurements, AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), and XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
Anil Netravali; Dept. of Fiber Science and Apparel Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-4401
Green Surface Modification for Ultra-hydrophobic Cotton Fabrics
(Abstract not yet available)
Omran Omar, Bao Ha, Katerine Vega, Andrew Fleischer, Hyukin Moon, Joel Shertok, Alla Bailey, Michael Mehan, Surendra Gupta and Gerald Takacs; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
Surface Modification of Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Treated with Ozone
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) film is used in high temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) doped with phosphoric acid which provides the protons for transport through the polymer. The goal of this research was to oxidize the PBI film in order to increase hydrogen bonding sites with the phosphoric acid. Ozone was reacted with PBI film and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which analyzes the top 2-5 nm of the surface, detected a rapid increase in O atom concentration with treatment time up to a saturation level of 27 + 1 atomic % after 90 min. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements showed little change in surface roughness with treatment time. The water contact angle of the treated film decreased by ca. 60% compared to untreated PBI film indicating an increase in hydrophilicity and hydrogen bonding due the formation of the polar oxygenated functional groups on the surface.
Michael S. Pierce: School of Physics and Astronomy, Director RIT Materials Science & Engineering Program, RIT, Rochester, NY
Coherent X-ray Scattering as a New Tool to Explore Dynamic Surfaces
(Abstract not yet available)
K. L. Mittal; MST CONFERENCES, LLC, Heritage Executive Suites, 2537 Route 53, Suite 1, Hopewell Junction, NY 12533
Overview of Wide Range of Polymer Surface Modification Techniques
As early as 1940 when nylon and polyethylene, two of the most widely available polymers, started to enter manufacturing, it readily became apparent that the surface properties of polymers would have to be modified if they were to find use in the wide range of packaging and coating applications that are so common today. Due to their low surface energy it was difficult or impossible to get other materials to adhere to them. As an example, the inks commonly used to label polymer packaging materials could not be made to properly adhere.
This presentation will give a brief history and overview of the many surface treatment techniques that have been developed starting from about the early 1950's up to the present including common chemical treatments up to the latest plasma and laser modification methods.
H. Schneider1, C. Schütz2, K. Dilger1, S. Hartwig1
1) Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Joining and Welding, Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 8, 38106, Germany.
2) Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Berliner Ring 2, 38440, Germany.
(3-Ureidopropyl)trimethoxysilane in PECVD Processes for Glass Surfaces
Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is a coating process that allows in combination with a plasma cleaning process high quality coatings and good reproducibility. In addition, PECVD-coatings of glass surfaces have less optical impairments in comparison to wet coatings and can easily be automated for industrial series production.
In modern automotive industry, the area of bonded glass surfaces is constantly increasing. Due to this circumstance, there is a need to develop new adhesion promoters for PECVD usage. Today (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and several aminosilanes are used as precursors in plasma coating processes to improve the adhesion of polyurethane solution adhesives on glass surfaces. Wet chemical coatings with (3-ureidopropyl)trimethoxysilane (UPTMS) on plasma pretreated glass fibers are already described by Demina and Watson. [Dem16, Wat01]
With regard to their high viscosity and chemical reactivity, ureidosilane adhesion promoters such as UPTMS seemed unsuitable for PECVD-processes. A possibility to avoid these negative aspects is the utilization of UPTMS in precursor mixtures. These mixtures consist of UPTMS, HMDSO and isopropyl alcohol. Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) in comparison to UPTMS is less reactive and acts additionally as an adhesion promoter for UPTMS on the glass surface. Isopropyl alcohol promotes the solution of UPTMS in HMDSO and decreases the viscosity of the mixture. The generated PECVD-coatings were characterized and discussed regarding to their properties. These are the achieved behavior of produced joint connections with polyurethane-based adhesives and mechanical stability.
[Dem16] Demina: Increasing Reinforcing Glass Fabric Impregnability by Using Adhesives, Fibre Chemistry, 48, 2, (2016).
[Wat01]Watson et al.: The Effect of Solvent and Fiber Treatment on the Deposition of Organic Silane Solutions Using THF and Acetone, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 241, page 32-44, (2001).
Paul Simutis; DataPhysics Instruments USA Corp., 4424 Taggart Creek Road, #102, Charlotte, NC 28208
New Force Tensiometer Development for Adhesion Force
Work of adhesion between liquid and substrate could be estimated by determination of surface energy of a substrate, measurement of surface tension of a liquid and calculation of adhesion work between them using Young-Dupre equation. In addition to this conventional method of evaluation, DataPhysics Instruments developed time efficient direct adhesion force measurement method of a test liquid to a given substrate using DCAT25 Dynamic Contact Angle tensiometer and special accessories with dedicated software. This method uses small platinum ring to hold a droplet of the test liquid, software-controlled movement of the substrate to attach the droplet to the test substrate and measure the force between the liquid and the substrate while the droplet is being pulled off from the substrate. Integrated camera records the process of the drop detachment and allows calculation of the contact area as well as contact angle between the drop and the substrate.
Gerald Takacs1, Ibrahim Cisse,1 Shreen Sachdev,1 Marc Toro,1 Shin Lutondo,1 Devon Shedden,1 Kristen Margaret Atkinson,1 Joel Shertok,1 Michael Mehan,2 and Surendra K. Gupta,3
1) School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
2) Xerox Analytical Services, Xerox Corporation, Webster, NY, USA
3) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
Surface Modification of Polyethersulfone (PES) with Ozone and UV Photo-oxidation
Polyethersulfone (PES) is a transparent, thermoplastic polymer which maintains high mechanical strength, thermal, and chemical resistivity. Additionally, the polymer surface is porous which makes it a suitable material for water filtration. PES membranes are acknowledged to have one major drawback; they are hydrophobic by nature leading to membrane fouling with organic materials. Therefore, it is highly desirable to modify the surface characteristics of PES membranes to render them more hydrophilic.
This research investigated the formation of polar functional groups on the surface of PES using 253.7 and 184.9 nm UV photo-oxidation in the presence of an atmospheric pressure of oxygen. Ozone is formed by photo-dissociation of oxygen involving the 184.9 nm photons while the 254.7 nm radiation is transmitted through oxygen and photo-absorbed by the PES surface.
Surface modification of PES was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle (CA), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurements to determine changes in chemistry, hydrophilicity, and surface roughness, respectively, as a function of treatment time.
R. Thomas, Z. Coovadia and K.S.V. Santhanam; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
Conducting Polymer Surface modification with Graphene By An Electrochemical Technique For Sensor Applications
Organic polymers have been extensively studied in the last three decades; they are generally electrically non-conducting. However, a class of polymers having alternating double and single bonds (continuous conjugation) provides a path for electron transport with least barriers; such polymers have been classified as conducting polymers. Polyacetylene and polyaniline (PANI) are some examples of this category. Polyaniline has been synthesized on carbon nanotubes with a view of high surface area with small dimensions (1) and other metal electrodes (2-4) for a large number of technological applications. However, these materials do not fulfill the goals for unique sensing application. Graphene (5) is a unique two dimensional material with sp2 hybridized carbon atoms with a high surface area and having greater potentiality for adsorbing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane (6). We wish to report here the modification of PANI surface with graphene by potential-step and pulsed electrolysis such that it would provide an active surface with two stage sensor action by controlling the desorption of the gases.
1) C. Downs ,J.Nugent, D.J. Duquette, P. Ajayan and K.S.V. Santhanam, Adv. Mater., 11, 1028 (1999)
2) R.Prakash and K.S.V. Santhanam, J Solid State Electrochem., 2, 123, (1998)
3) B. S. Hudson, Materials, 11, 242 (2018)
4) G. Fomo, T. T. Waryo, P. Baker and E. I. Iwuoha, Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 11, 10347 (2016)
5) K.S.V. Santhanam, S. Kandlikar, M. Valentina and Y. Yang, US patent No. 9840782, December 12, 2017.
6) K.S.V. Santhanam and N.N. Ahamed, ChemEngineering,2(3), 38 (2018)
D.G. Waugh* and J. Lawrence; School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Gulson Road, Coventry, CV1 2JH, UK.
*Corresponding Author: david.waugh@coventry.ac.uk
Laser Surface Engineering of Polymeric Materials for the Modification of Wettability Characteristics and Wetting Transitions
The importance of surface manipulation through surface engineering techniques is increasing in many industries such as healthcare, automotive and aerospace. Because of this, it is critical to fully understood the effects of these surface engineering techniques on the wettability characteristics and wetting transitions. This is owed to the fact that these factors impact upon the short-, medium- and long-term adhesive properties of materials and, in many cases, can be considered as a limiting factor to many applications. This work demonstrates how a relatively inexpensive CO2 laser marking system can be used to modify the surfaces of polymeric materials (namely polyamide 6,6, polyamide 12, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate and polyethylene terephthalate). With the CO2 laser surface engineering, the surface roughness was dramatically increased by up to approximately 4 μm (Ra) in comparison to the as-received samples. In many instances, it was determined that the polar component had a strong inverse relationship with the contact angle, θ. For some of the laser surface engineered polymeric materials, a modest increase in θ indicated the likely formation of a mixed-state wetting regime and highlighted the influence of laser-modified surfaces on θ and wetting transitions. For polyethylene terephthalate, it has been evidenced that surface chemistry could be a governing parameter for the wettability characteristics and wetting transitions, highlighting that surface functionality could be a driving parameter governing the wettability characteristics and subsequent adhesion parameters of laser surface engineered polymeric materials. The latest understanding of wetting transitions and mixed-state wetting regimes with specific regard to laser surface engineered polymeric materials will be discussed identifying significant wettability knowledge and theories which should be applied to further studies.
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