ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS: THEORY AND PRACTICE
MST CONFERENCES is happy to announce the availability of our recently published volume: Adhesion Measurement Methods: Theory and Practice (CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, Broken Sound Parkway, Boca Raton, Florida) 439 pages. Designed to supplement the SHORT COURSE ON APPLIED ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS this volume presents optimal methods and tools used for measuring the adhesion of coatings and thin films as well as setting appropriate adhesion strength requirements. The text provides a detailed overview of uses, implementation, and drawbacks for qualitative, semi-quantitative, and fully quantitative adhesion measurement techniques and self-loading systems. The book discusses thermal-mechanical behavior assessment, the application of the continuum theory of solids, and fracture mechanics, highlighting useful measures of adhesion strength such as stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate. It provides specific examples of how adhesion testing is carried out in practice, including the peel test, the scratch test, and the pull test, and describes the measurement of residual stress in a coating and other laminate structures. The book concludes with examples taken from the author's experience in the microelectronics industry and contains several appendices for looking up simple formulae and material property data for performing everyday calculations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Below is a copy of the table of contents for this volume. Simply click on the chapter you find most interesting.
2. OVERVIEW OF MOST COMMON ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS
3 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS
4. ELEMENTARY FRACTURE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS - APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS OF ADHESION
6 ADHESION ASPECTS OF COATING AND THIN FILM STRESSES
1. INTRODUCTION1.1 OVERVIEW
1.2 WHAT IS ADHESION AND CAN IT BE MEASURED?
1.3 COMMENTS ON NOMENCLATURE AND USAGE
2.OVERVIEW OF MOST COMMON ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS
2.1 PREAMBLE
2.2 PEEL TEST
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Advantages of Peel Test
2.2.3 Disadvantages of Peel Test
2.2.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.3 TAPE PEEL TEST
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Advantages of the Tape Peel Test
2.3.3 Disadvantages of Tape Peel Test
2.3.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.4 PULL TEST
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Advantages of Pull Test
2.4.3 Disadvantages of the Pull Test
2.4.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.5 INDENTATION DEBONDING TEST
2.5.1 Introduction
2.5.2 Advantages of Indentation Debonding Test
2.5.3 Disadvantages of Indentation Debonding Test
2.5.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.6 SCRATCH TEST
2.6.1 Introduction
2.6.2 Advantages of the Scratch Test
2.6.3 Disadvantages of the Scratch Test
2.6.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.7 BLISTER TEST
2.7.1 Introduction
2.7.2 Advantages of Blister Test
2.7.3 Disadvantages of the Blister Test
2.7.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.8 BEAM BENDING TESTS
2.8.1 Introduction
2.8.2 Three Point Bend Test
2.8.3 Four Point Bend Test
2.8.4 Standard Double Cantilevered Beam Test
2.8.5 Tapered Double Cantilevered Beam Test
2.8.6 Double Cleavage Drilled Compression Test
2.8.7 Brazil Nut Test
2.8.8 Wedge Test
2.8.9 Topple Beam Test
2.8.10 Advantages of Beam Bending Tests
2.8.11 Disadvantages of Beam Bending Tests
2.8.12 Summary and Recommendations
2.9 SELF LOADING TESTS
2.9.1 Circle Cut Test
2.9.2 MELT Test
2.9.3 Microstrip Test
2.9.4 Advantages of Self Loading Tests
2.9.5 Disadvantages of Self Loading Tests
2.9.6 Summary and Recommendations
2.10 MORE EXOTIC ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS
2.10.1 Laser Spallation: Early Work
2.10.2 Later Refined Experiments
2.10.3 LIDS Experiment
2.10.4 Advantages of Laser Spallation Tests
2.10.5 Disadvantages of Laser Spallation Test
2.10.6 Summary and Recommendations
2.11 ELECTROMAGNETIC TEST
2.11.1 Advantages of Electromagnetic Test
2.11.2 Disadvantages of Electromagnetic Test
2.11.3 Summary and Recommendations
2.12 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
2.12.1 Dynamic Modulus Test
2.12.2 Advantages of Dynamic Modulus Test
2.12.3 Disdvantages of Dynamic Modulus Test
2.12.4 Summary and Recommendations
2.13 Surface Acoustic Waves Test
2.13.1 Advantages of Surface Acoustic Waves Test
2.13.2 Disadvantages of Surface Acoustic Waves Test
2.13.3 Summary and Recommendations
REFERENCES
3 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO CONTINUUM THEORY
3.1.1 Concept of Stress in Solids
3.1.2 Special Stress States and Stress Conditions
3.1.2.1 Principal stresses
3.1.2.2 St. Venant's principle
3.1.2.3 Two dimensional stress states
3.1.3 Equation of Motion in Solids
3.1.4 Deformation and Strain
3.1.5 Constitutive Relations or Connecting the Stress to the Strain
3.1.5.1 General behavior
3.1.5.2 Homogeneous isotropic materials
3.2 EXAMPLES
3.2.1 Simple Deformations
3.3 SOLVING THE FIELD EQUATIONS
3.3.1 Uniaxial Tension
3.3.2 Biaxial Tension
3.3.3 Triaxial Stress Case
3.4 APPLICATION TO SIMPLE BEAMS
3.5 GENERAL METHODS FOR SOLVING FIELD EQUATIONS OF ELASTICITY
3.5.1 Displacement Formulation
3.5.2 Stress Formulation
3.5.3 Mixed formulation
3.6 NUMERICAL METHODS
3.6.1 Introduction
3.7 DETAILED STRESS BEHAVIOR OF A FLEXIBLE COATING ON A RIGID DISK
3.8 STRAIN ENERGY PRINCIPLES
3.9 THE MARVELOUS MYSTERIOUS J INTEGRAL
3.10 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
4. ELEMENTARY FRACTURE MECHANICS OF SOLIDS - APPLICATION TO PROBLEMS OF ADHESION
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 Introductory Concepts
4.1.1.1 Strain energy approach
4.1.1.2 Stress intensity factor approach
4.2 FRACTURE MECHANICS AS APPLIED TO PROBLEMS OF ADHESION
4.2.1 Elementary Computational Methods
4.2.1.1 Basic model of thin coating on rigid disc
4.2.2 Decohesion Number Approach of Suo and Hutchinson
4.2.2.1 The decohesion number
4.2.3 Back of the Envelope Calculations
4.2.3.1 Polyimide on glass-ceramic
4.2.3.2 Nickel on glass
4.3 SUMMARY
5.1 THE PEEL TEST
5.1.1 Sample Preparation
5.1.2 Test Equipment
5.1.3 Peel Testing in Action
5.1.4 Advanced Peel Testing
5.1.4.1 Thermodynamics of the peel test
5.1.4.2 Deformation calorimetry
5.2 FULLY QUANTITATIVE PEEL TESTING
5.2.1 Earliest Work, Elastic Analysis
5.2.2 Elastic-Plastic Analysis
5.2.2.1 Theory of elastic-plastic peeling for soft metals
5.2.3 Full Elastic-Plastic Analysis
5.2.3.1 General equations for deformation of peel strip
5.2.3.2 Basic goal
5.2.3.3 Analysis strategy and assumptions
5.2.3.3 Equations of the elastica
5.2.2.2 Case 1, elastic peeling:
5.2.2.3 Case 2, elastic-plastic peeling/unloading
5.2.2.4 Case 3, elastic plastic loading and unloading
5.3 THE SCRATCH/CUT TEST
5.3.1 the Cut Test
5.3.2 Simplified Analytical Model for Cut Test
5.4 THE PULL TEST
5.5 SUMMARY
REFERENCES
6 ADHESION ASPECTS OF COATING AND THIN FILM STRESSES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 GENERAL MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR THIN FILMS AND COATINGS
6.2.1 Cantilevered beam method
6.2.2 Variations on Bending Beam Approach
6.2.3 Optical measurement of deflection
6.2.3.1 Microscopy
6.2.3.2 Laser beam deflection
6.2.3.3 Laser interferometry
6.2.3.4 Capacitive measurement of deflection
6.2.3.5 Stress Measurement by Vibrational Resonance
6.2.3.6 Holography of suspended membrane
6.2.4 X-ray Measurements
6.2.5 Ultrasonics
6.2.5.1 Through thickness stress measurement
6.2.5.2 Surface stress measurement using skimming longitudinal waves
6.2.5.3 Rayleigh wave method
6.2.5.4 Surface skimming SH waves
6.2.6 Photoelasticity
6.2.7 Strain Relief Methods
6.2.8 Magnetics
6.2.8.1 Barkhausen noise
6.2.8.2 Magnetostriction approach
6.2.9 Raman spectroscopy
6.2.10 Miscellaneous Methods
6.2.10.1 Stress Pattern Analysis by Thermal Emission (SPATE)
6.2.10.2 Photoelastic coating technique
6.2.10.3 Brittle lacquer method
7.1 A STUDY IN ADHESION SENSITIVITY TO CONTAMINATION
7.2 CASE OF THE IMPROPERLY CURED FILM
7.3 CASE OF THE STRESSED PIN
7.4 STABILITY MAPS
APPENDIX A: VECTORS AND VECTOR CALCULUS
APPENDIX B: NOTES ON ELEMENTARY STRENGTH OF MATERIALS (SOM) THEORY
APPENDIX C: MATERIAL PROPERTY DATA FOR SELECTED SUBSTANCES
APPENDIX D: DRIVING FORCE FORMULAE FOR A VARIETY OF LAMINATE STRUCTURES
APPENDIX E: SELECTED REFERENCES AND COMMENTARY ON ADHESION MEASUREMENT AND FILM STRESS LITERATURE
E1: GENERAL REFERENCES
E2: SELECTED REFERENCES ON ADHESION MEASUREMENT METHODS E4
E2.1 Blister test:
E2.2 Scratch Test:
E2.3 Indentation Debonding Test
E2.4 Scotch Tape Test
E2.5 Laser Spallation
E2.6 Selected References on Mechanics of Peel Test
E2.7 Non Destructive Methods
E3 SELECTED REFERENCES ON STRESSES IN LAMINATE STRUCTURES AND COATINGS
E4 SELECTED REFERENCES ON FRACTURE MECHANICS AS RELATED TO PROBLEMS OF ADHESION OF FILMS AND COATINGS
E5 SELECTED REFERENCES ON STRESSES IN SOLIDS
APPENDIX F: GENERAL ADHESION MEASUREMENT REFERENCES
REVIEW ARTICLES
GENERAL ADHESION PAPERS
ACOUSTIC EMISSION/ULTRASONIC METHODS
BEND TEST
BLISTER TEST
DOUBLE CANTILEVERED BEAM TEST
CENTRIFUGAL LOADING TEST
ELECTROMAGNETIC TEST
FRACTURE MECHANICS STUDIES
INDENTATION TEST
INTERNAL FRICTION
IMPACT METHODS
LAP SHEAR TEST
LASER/ELECTRON SPALLATION
MISCELLANEOUS METHODS
PEEL TEST
PULL TEST
PULL OUT TEST
PUSH OUT TEST
RESIDUAL STRESS SELF LOADING TEST
SCRATCH TEST
TAPE TEST
THEORETICAL STUDIES
THERMAL METHODS
TOPPLE BEAM METHOD
WEDGE TEST
Copyright © 2006, MST Conferences, LLC
Revised -- 1/1/2006
URL: http://mstconf.com/TableContents.htm